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Source code for librosa.decompose

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Spectrogram decomposition
=========================
.. autosummary::
    :toctree: generated/

    decompose
    hpss
    nn_filter
"""

import numpy as np

import scipy.sparse
from scipy.ndimage import median_filter

import sklearn.decomposition

from . import core
from ._cache import cache
from . import segment
from . import util
from .util.exceptions import ParameterError
from .util.decorators import deprecate_positional_args

__all__ = ["decompose", "hpss", "nn_filter"]


[docs]@deprecate_positional_args def decompose( S, *, n_components=None, transformer=None, sort=False, fit=True, **kwargs ): """Decompose a feature matrix. Given a spectrogram ``S``, produce a decomposition into ``components`` and ``activations`` such that ``S ~= components.dot(activations)``. By default, this is done with with non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), but any `sklearn.decomposition`-type object will work. Parameters ---------- S : np.ndarray [shape=(..., n_features, n_samples), dtype=float] The input feature matrix (e.g., magnitude spectrogram) If the input has multiple channels (leading dimensions), they will be automatically flattened prior to decomposition. If the input is multi-channel, channels and features are automatically flattened into a single axis before the decomposition. For example, a stereo input `S` with shape `(2, n_features, n_samples)` is automatically reshaped to `(2 * n_features, n_samples)`. n_components : int > 0 [scalar] or None number of desired components if None, then ``n_features`` components are used transformer : None or object If None, use `sklearn.decomposition.NMF` Otherwise, any object with a similar interface to NMF should work. ``transformer`` must follow the scikit-learn convention, where input data is ``(n_samples, n_features)``. `transformer.fit_transform()` will be run on ``S.T`` (not ``S``), the return value of which is stored (transposed) as ``activations`` The components will be retrieved as ``transformer.components_.T``:: S ~= np.dot(activations, transformer.components_).T or equivalently:: S ~= np.dot(transformer.components_.T, activations.T) sort : bool If ``True``, components are sorted by ascending peak frequency. .. note:: If used with ``transformer``, sorting is applied to copies of the decomposition parameters, and not to ``transformer`` internal parameters. .. warning:: If the input array has more than two dimensions (e.g., if it's a multi-channel spectrogram), then axis sorting is not supported and a `ParameterError` exception is raised. fit : bool If `True`, components are estimated from the input ``S``. If `False`, components are assumed to be pre-computed and stored in ``transformer``, and are not changed. **kwargs : Additional keyword arguments to the default transformer `sklearn.decomposition.NMF` Returns ------- components: np.ndarray [shape=(..., n_features, n_components)] matrix of components (basis elements). activations: np.ndarray [shape=(n_components, n_samples)] transformed matrix/activation matrix Raises ------ ParameterError if ``fit`` is False and no ``transformer`` object is provided. if the input array is multi-channel and ``sort=True`` is specified. See Also -------- sklearn.decomposition : SciKit-Learn matrix decomposition modules Examples -------- Decompose a magnitude spectrogram into 16 components with NMF >>> y, sr = librosa.load(librosa.ex('pistachio'), duration=5) >>> S = np.abs(librosa.stft(y)) >>> comps, acts = librosa.decompose.decompose(S, n_components=16) Sort components by ascending peak frequency >>> comps, acts = librosa.decompose.decompose(S, n_components=16, ... sort=True) Or with sparse dictionary learning >>> import sklearn.decomposition >>> T = sklearn.decomposition.MiniBatchDictionaryLearning(n_components=16) >>> scomps, sacts = librosa.decompose.decompose(S, transformer=T, sort=True) >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> layout = [list(".AAAA"), list("BCCCC"), list(".DDDD")] >>> fig, ax = plt.subplot_mosaic(layout, constrained_layout=True) >>> librosa.display.specshow(librosa.amplitude_to_db(S, ref=np.max), ... y_axis='log', x_axis='time', ax=ax['A']) >>> ax['A'].set(title='Input spectrogram') >>> ax['A'].label_outer() >>> librosa.display.specshow(librosa.amplitude_to_db(comps, >>> ref=np.max), >>> y_axis='log', ax=ax['B']) >>> ax['B'].set(title='Components') >>> ax['B'].label_outer() >>> ax['B'].sharey(ax['A']) >>> librosa.display.specshow(acts, x_axis='time', ax=ax['C'], cmap='gray_r') >>> ax['C'].set(ylabel='Components', title='Activations') >>> ax['C'].sharex(ax['A']) >>> ax['C'].label_outer() >>> S_approx = comps.dot(acts) >>> img = librosa.display.specshow(librosa.amplitude_to_db(S_approx, >>> ref=np.max), >>> y_axis='log', x_axis='time', ax=ax['D']) >>> ax['D'].set(title='Reconstructed spectrogram') >>> ax['D'].sharex(ax['A']) >>> ax['D'].sharey(ax['A']) >>> ax['D'].label_outer() >>> fig.colorbar(img, ax=list(ax.values()), format="%+2.f dB") """ # Do a swapaxes and unroll orig_shape = list(S.shape) if S.ndim > 2 and sort: raise ParameterError( "Parameter sort=True is unsupported for input with more than two dimensions" ) # Transpose S and unroll feature dimensions # Use order='F' here to preserve the temporal ordering S = S.T.reshape((S.shape[-1], -1), order="F") if n_components is None: n_components = S.shape[-1] if transformer is None: if fit is False: raise ParameterError("fit must be True if transformer is None") transformer = sklearn.decomposition.NMF(n_components=n_components, **kwargs) if fit: activations = transformer.fit_transform(S).T else: activations = transformer.transform(S).T components = transformer.components_ component_shape = orig_shape[:-1] + [-1] # use order='F' here to preserve component ordering components = components.reshape(component_shape[::-1], order="F").T if sort: components, idx = util.axis_sort(components, index=True) activations = activations[idx] return components, activations
[docs]@cache(level=30) @deprecate_positional_args def hpss(S, *, kernel_size=31, power=2.0, mask=False, margin=1.0): """Median-filtering harmonic percussive source separation (HPSS). If ``margin = 1.0``, decomposes an input spectrogram ``S = H + P`` where ``H`` contains the harmonic components, and ``P`` contains the percussive components. If ``margin > 1.0``, decomposes an input spectrogram ``S = H + P + R`` where ``R`` contains residual components not included in ``H`` or ``P``. This implementation is based upon the algorithm described by [#]_ and [#]_. .. [#] Fitzgerald, Derry. "Harmonic/percussive separation using median filtering." 13th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX10), Graz, Austria, 2010. .. [#] Driedger, Müller, Disch. "Extending harmonic-percussive separation of audio." 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2014), Taipei, Taiwan, 2014. Parameters ---------- S : np.ndarray [shape=(..., d, n)] input spectrogram. May be real (magnitude) or complex. Multi-channel is supported. kernel_size : int or tuple (kernel_harmonic, kernel_percussive) kernel size(s) for the median filters. - If scalar, the same size is used for both harmonic and percussive. - If tuple, the first value specifies the width of the harmonic filter, and the second value specifies the width of the percussive filter. power : float > 0 [scalar] Exponent for the Wiener filter when constructing soft mask matrices. mask : bool Return the masking matrices instead of components. Masking matrices contain non-negative real values that can be used to measure the assignment of energy from ``S`` into harmonic or percussive components. Components can be recovered by multiplying ``S * mask_H`` or ``S * mask_P``. margin : float or tuple (margin_harmonic, margin_percussive) margin size(s) for the masks (as described in [2]_) - If scalar, the same size is used for both harmonic and percussive. - If tuple, the first value specifies the margin of the harmonic mask, and the second value specifies the margin of the percussive mask. Returns ------- harmonic : np.ndarray [shape=(..., d, n)] harmonic component (or mask) percussive : np.ndarray [shape=(..., d, n)] percussive component (or mask) See Also -------- librosa.util.softmask Notes ----- This function caches at level 30. Examples -------- Separate into harmonic and percussive >>> y, sr = librosa.load(librosa.ex('choice'), duration=5) >>> D = librosa.stft(y) >>> H, P = librosa.decompose.hpss(D) >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=3, sharex=True, sharey=True) >>> img = librosa.display.specshow(librosa.amplitude_to_db(np.abs(D), ... ref=np.max), ... y_axis='log', x_axis='time', ax=ax[0]) >>> ax[0].set(title='Full power spectrogram') >>> ax[0].label_outer() >>> librosa.display.specshow(librosa.amplitude_to_db(np.abs(H), ... ref=np.max(np.abs(D))), ... y_axis='log', x_axis='time', ax=ax[1]) >>> ax[1].set(title='Harmonic power spectrogram') >>> ax[1].label_outer() >>> librosa.display.specshow(librosa.amplitude_to_db(np.abs(P), ... ref=np.max(np.abs(D))), ... y_axis='log', x_axis='time', ax=ax[2]) >>> ax[2].set(title='Percussive power spectrogram') >>> fig.colorbar(img, ax=ax, format='%+2.0f dB') Or with a narrower horizontal filter >>> H, P = librosa.decompose.hpss(D, kernel_size=(13, 31)) Just get harmonic/percussive masks, not the spectra >>> mask_H, mask_P = librosa.decompose.hpss(D, mask=True) >>> mask_H array([[1.853e-03, 1.701e-04, ..., 9.922e-01, 1.000e+00], [2.316e-03, 2.127e-04, ..., 9.989e-01, 1.000e+00], ..., [8.195e-05, 6.939e-05, ..., 3.105e-04, 4.231e-04], [3.159e-05, 4.156e-05, ..., 6.216e-04, 6.188e-04]], dtype=float32) >>> mask_P array([[9.981e-01, 9.998e-01, ..., 7.759e-03, 3.201e-05], [9.977e-01, 9.998e-01, ..., 1.122e-03, 4.451e-06], ..., [9.999e-01, 9.999e-01, ..., 9.997e-01, 9.996e-01], [1.000e+00, 1.000e+00, ..., 9.994e-01, 9.994e-01]], dtype=float32) Separate into harmonic/percussive/residual components by using a margin > 1.0 >>> H, P = librosa.decompose.hpss(D, margin=3.0) >>> R = D - (H+P) >>> y_harm = librosa.istft(H) >>> y_perc = librosa.istft(P) >>> y_resi = librosa.istft(R) Get a more isolated percussive component by widening its margin >>> H, P = librosa.decompose.hpss(D, margin=(1.0,5.0)) """ if np.iscomplexobj(S): S, phase = core.magphase(S) else: phase = 1 if np.isscalar(kernel_size): win_harm = kernel_size win_perc = kernel_size else: win_harm = kernel_size[0] win_perc = kernel_size[1] if np.isscalar(margin): margin_harm = margin margin_perc = margin else: margin_harm = margin[0] margin_perc = margin[1] # margin minimum is 1.0 if margin_harm < 1 or margin_perc < 1: raise ParameterError( "Margins must be >= 1.0. " "A typical range is between 1 and 10." ) # shape for kernels harm_shape = [1 for _ in S.shape] harm_shape[-1] = win_harm perc_shape = [1 for _ in S.shape] perc_shape[-2] = win_perc # Compute median filters. Pre-allocation here preserves memory layout. harm = np.empty_like(S) harm[:] = median_filter(S, size=harm_shape, mode="reflect") perc = np.empty_like(S) perc[:] = median_filter(S, size=perc_shape, mode="reflect") split_zeros = margin_harm == 1 and margin_perc == 1 mask_harm = util.softmask( harm, perc * margin_harm, power=power, split_zeros=split_zeros ) mask_perc = util.softmask( perc, harm * margin_perc, power=power, split_zeros=split_zeros ) if mask: return mask_harm, mask_perc return ((S * mask_harm) * phase, (S * mask_perc) * phase)
[docs]@cache(level=30) @deprecate_positional_args def nn_filter(S, *, rec=None, aggregate=None, axis=-1, **kwargs): """Filtering by nearest-neighbors. Each data point (e.g, spectrogram column) is replaced by aggregating its nearest neighbors in feature space. This can be useful for de-noising a spectrogram or feature matrix. The non-local means method [#]_ can be recovered by providing a weighted recurrence matrix as input and specifying ``aggregate=np.average``. Similarly, setting ``aggregate=np.median`` produces sparse de-noising as in REPET-SIM [#]_. .. [#] Buades, A., Coll, B., & Morel, J. M. (2005, June). A non-local algorithm for image denoising. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. IEEE Computer Society Conference on (Vol. 2, pp. 60-65). IEEE. .. [#] Rafii, Z., & Pardo, B. (2012, October). "Music/Voice Separation Using the Similarity Matrix." International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, 2012. Parameters ---------- S : np.ndarray The input data (spectrogram) to filter. Multi-channel is supported. rec : (optional) scipy.sparse.spmatrix or np.ndarray Optionally, a pre-computed nearest-neighbor matrix as provided by `librosa.segment.recurrence_matrix` aggregate : function aggregation function (default: `np.mean`) If ``aggregate=np.average``, then a weighted average is computed according to the (per-row) weights in ``rec``. For all other aggregation functions, all neighbors are treated equally. axis : int The axis along which to filter (by default, columns) **kwargs Additional keyword arguments provided to `librosa.segment.recurrence_matrix` if ``rec`` is not provided Returns ------- S_filtered : np.ndarray The filtered data, with shape equivalent to the input ``S``. Raises ------ ParameterError if ``rec`` is provided and its shape is incompatible with ``S``. See Also -------- decompose hpss librosa.segment.recurrence_matrix Notes ----- This function caches at level 30. Examples -------- De-noise a chromagram by non-local median filtering. By default this would use euclidean distance to select neighbors, but this can be overridden directly by setting the ``metric`` parameter. >>> y, sr = librosa.load(librosa.ex('brahms'), ... offset=30, duration=10) >>> chroma = librosa.feature.chroma_cqt(y=y, sr=sr) >>> chroma_med = librosa.decompose.nn_filter(chroma, ... aggregate=np.median, ... metric='cosine') To use non-local means, provide an affinity matrix and ``aggregate=np.average``. >>> rec = librosa.segment.recurrence_matrix(chroma, mode='affinity', ... metric='cosine', sparse=True) >>> chroma_nlm = librosa.decompose.nn_filter(chroma, rec=rec, ... aggregate=np.average) >>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=5, sharex=True, sharey=True, figsize=(10, 10)) >>> librosa.display.specshow(chroma, y_axis='chroma', x_axis='time', ax=ax[0]) >>> ax[0].set(title='Unfiltered') >>> ax[0].label_outer() >>> librosa.display.specshow(chroma_med, y_axis='chroma', x_axis='time', ax=ax[1]) >>> ax[1].set(title='Median-filtered') >>> ax[1].label_outer() >>> imgc = librosa.display.specshow(chroma_nlm, y_axis='chroma', x_axis='time', ax=ax[2]) >>> ax[2].set(title='Non-local means') >>> ax[2].label_outer() >>> imgr1 = librosa.display.specshow(chroma - chroma_med, ... y_axis='chroma', x_axis='time', ax=ax[3]) >>> ax[3].set(title='Original - median') >>> ax[3].label_outer() >>> imgr2 = librosa.display.specshow(chroma - chroma_nlm, ... y_axis='chroma', x_axis='time', ax=ax[4]) >>> ax[4].label_outer() >>> ax[4].set(title='Original - NLM') >>> fig.colorbar(imgc, ax=ax[:3]) >>> fig.colorbar(imgr1, ax=[ax[3]]) >>> fig.colorbar(imgr2, ax=[ax[4]]) """ if aggregate is None: aggregate = np.mean if rec is None: kwargs = dict(kwargs) kwargs["sparse"] = True rec = segment.recurrence_matrix(S, axis=axis, **kwargs) elif not scipy.sparse.issparse(rec): rec = scipy.sparse.csc_matrix(rec) if rec.shape[0] != S.shape[axis] or rec.shape[0] != rec.shape[1]: raise ParameterError( "Invalid self-similarity matrix shape " "rec.shape={} for S.shape={}".format(rec.shape, S.shape) ) return __nn_filter_helper( rec.data, rec.indices, rec.indptr, S.swapaxes(0, axis), aggregate ).swapaxes(0, axis)
def __nn_filter_helper(R_data, R_indices, R_ptr, S, aggregate): """Nearest-neighbor filter helper function. This is an internal function, not for use outside of the decompose module. It applies the nearest-neighbor filter to S, assuming that the first index corresponds to observations. Parameters ---------- R_data, R_indices, R_ptr : np.ndarrays The ``data``, ``indices``, and ``indptr`` of a scipy.sparse matrix S : np.ndarray The observation data to filter aggregate : callable The aggregation operator Returns ------- S_out : np.ndarray like S The filtered data array """ s_out = np.empty_like(S) for i in range(len(R_ptr) - 1): # Get the non-zeros out of the recurrence matrix targets = R_indices[R_ptr[i] : R_ptr[i + 1]] if not len(targets): s_out[i] = S[i] continue neighbors = np.take(S, targets, axis=0) if aggregate is np.average: weights = R_data[R_ptr[i] : R_ptr[i + 1]] s_out[i] = aggregate(neighbors, axis=0, weights=weights) else: s_out[i] = aggregate(neighbors, axis=0) return s_out